Terms and Terminologies in Investing World
Mutual Funds
Share or Stock : A Share is a representation of the amount of a company that you own. So if you own 100 shares of a company which has 100000 shares you are owner for 1/1000th part.
Entry Load : Commission paid while purchasing units of a mutual fund from a broker, No Entry Load to be paid if directly purchased from Mutual Fund Office or its Website online.
Exit Load : Commission paid while selling off the mutual funds before a specified time limit. generally it is .5% or 1% if exit before 6 months or 1 year.
NAV : The current price of each Unit of Mutual Fund , it goes up or down depending on the growth or decline in value of mutual fund investment.
NFO : New Fund Offer , When a new Mutual Fund is Launched , its call NFO of that Mutual Fund.
Open Ended Mutual Funds : Mutual funds without restriction on Entry or Exit , Anyone can buy or sell the units anytime.
Close Ended Mutual Funds : Mutual Funds having restriction time on entry and exit , there is some particular time duration to buy the units and then its locked for some pre-decided period . For Eg. ABC mutual fund , a 3 years Close Ended Fund.
Growth option in Mutual Funds : Upon choosing this option, a unit holder does not receives any dividend from Mutual funds but the money it is added to investments which helps in increasing the NAV of mutual fund. Its good for people who do not want to receive cash regularly as dividend.
Dividend Option in Mutual Funds : By choosing this option a investor receives the dividend from the mutual funds whenever it is declared. Its good for investors who need regular cash.
Equity Fund : These are the funds which put most of there money in Equity and less in Debt. Equity refers to instruments with high risk and high returns like Shares , and Debt refers to instruments with no risk or low risk and less returns like bonds , Fixed deposits etc . These are high risky and with high returns.
Debt Fund : The funds which put more money in Debt and less in Equity . these are Less risky and with less returns.
Balanced Fund : The Funds which have money in both the categories in a ratio such that it makes it medium risk and medium return Fund. The ratio need not be 50:50 ... even a ratio of 70:30 in booming markets can be considered as balanced. and 20:80 in bad situation will be considered as balanced.
Fund House : A Fund House is a company which manages money invested in different kind of mutual funds. Like all the HDFC Mutual funds belong to
Sectoral Funds : These funds put money in a specific sector or a group of inter-related sectors. They have high risk , high return nature.
Fund Managers : These are the experts who manage he Mutual Fund, they take the decisions like , which sectors to put money in , and which company they will pick up , the strategy , the road map , etc ...
Mutual Fund Benchmark : Every mutual fund has a benchmark against which they measure there performance, They they perform better than there benchmark its considered that they have done good , else bad. For Eg . A lot of mutual funds have Sensex as benchmark , some sectoral fund investing in Pharmaceutical may have BSE Heath care as its benchmark.
SIP (Systematic investment Plan) : This a investment method through which you can invest in mutual funds every month. Instead of paying 60,000 together , one can take an SIP of 5,000 for an year.
Stock Market
Stock Market : Its a market which facilitates the buying and selling the shares of companies by connecting buyers and sellers . It can be considered as a mediator between buyer and seller. So anyone who wants to buy or sell shares can do it from stock market.
Sensex and Nifty : These are indexes of BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE(National Stock Exchange). Sensex and Nifty, both are indicators of how prices of major stocks are moving at any point of time. Sensex comprises of 30 Shares and Nifty comprises of 50 shares. They are calculated by a method called "Free Flow Market Capitalization" . When sensex moves up it indicates that on an average more shares have increased there value and some have declined and vice-verse. It moves up or down depending on the combined valuations of the shares they comprise of.
Market Capitalization : This means how much worth all company shares collectively are. Simply putting: Market Capitalization = Total number of shares available X Current Price . Its the total money required to buy all the shares of the company available to public.
IPO (Initial Public Offer) : When a company offers shares to general public for the first time , its call IPO . The purpose of this is generally to raise funds to finance there future project and expanding there business.
Correction : It is a sharp increase or decrease in stock market which was overdue for long . When market goes more up or down then expected because of rumours or for some short term reason , then to average out that correction happens ...
Insurance
- Term Insurance : In this you are insured for a big amount for very less annual premium,But dont receive anything when your maturity expires. Its a very cheap form of insurance and considered as the best insurance anyone can get.
- Endowment and MoneyBack Plans : In this you get insurance and you get a big lumpsum after the tenure expires along with periodic payments in between. The premium is high per annum.
- ULIP's : These are insurance+investment product , from the premium you pay, some amount is used as your premium towards insurance and rest is invested as per your choice.
Tax
- Short Term and Long term Capital Gain and Loss : Incase of Shares and Mutual Funds , Any profit or loss made within 1 year. Tax treatment will be:
- Short term profits : 10% flat.
- Long term Profits : Nil
Incase of Land , House , Jewelry , Any profit or loss made within 3 years. Tax treatment will be:
- Short term profits : 20% Flat
- Long term Profits : 30% Flat
General
- Portfolio : Total investments combine are called Portfolio. So if Person ABC has invested Rs x in shares , Rs y in Insurance , Rs z in PPF and Rs k in Real Estate , it will combinely be his Portfolio.
- Trading Account : An account through which a person deal in instruments on stock market.
- Demat Account : An account where shares are stored in electronic format. Its just a account which stores shares.
- Commodities : Commodities are things like sugar , steel etc ... A person can trade in these things also just like shares and mutual funds. Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) is the commodity exchange in india just like BSE and NSE for shares.
Share or Stock : A Share is a representation of the amount of a company that you own. So if you own 100 shares of a company which has 100000 shares you are owner for 1/1000th part.
Entry Load : Commission paid while purchasing units of a mutual fund from a broker, No Entry Load to be paid if directly purchased from Mutual Fund Office or its Website online.
Exit Load : Commission paid while selling off the mutual funds before a specified time limit. generally it is .5% or 1% if exit before 6 months or 1 year.
NAV : The current price of each Unit of Mutual Fund , it goes up or down depending on the growth or decline in value of mutual fund investment.
NFO : New Fund Offer , When a new Mutual Fund is Launched , its call NFO of that Mutual Fund.
Open Ended Mutual Funds : Mutual funds without restriction on Entry or Exit , Anyone can buy or sell the units anytime.
Close Ended Mutual Funds : Mutual Funds having restriction time on entry and exit , there is some particular time duration to buy the units and then its locked for some pre-decided period . For Eg. ABC mutual fund , a 3 years Close Ended Fund.
Growth option in Mutual Funds : Upon choosing this option, a unit holder does not receives any dividend from Mutual funds but the money it is added to investments which helps in increasing the NAV of mutual fund. Its good for people who do not want to receive cash regularly as dividend.
Dividend Option in Mutual Funds : By choosing this option a investor receives the dividend from the mutual funds whenever it is declared. Its good for investors who need regular cash.
Equity Fund : These are the funds which put most of there money in Equity and less in Debt. Equity refers to instruments with high risk and high returns like Shares , and Debt refers to instruments with no risk or low risk and less returns like bonds , Fixed deposits etc . These are high risky and with high returns.
Debt Fund : The funds which put more money in Debt and less in Equity . these are Less risky and with less returns.
Balanced Fund : The Funds which have money in both the categories in a ratio such that it makes it medium risk and medium return Fund. The ratio need not be 50:50 ... even a ratio of 70:30 in booming markets can be considered as balanced. and 20:80 in bad situation will be considered as balanced.
Fund House : A Fund House is a company which manages money invested in different kind of mutual funds. Like all the HDFC Mutual funds belong to
Sectoral Funds : These funds put money in a specific sector or a group of inter-related sectors. They have high risk , high return nature.
Fund Managers : These are the experts who manage he Mutual Fund, they take the decisions like , which sectors to put money in , and which company they will pick up , the strategy , the road map , etc ...
Mutual Fund Benchmark : Every mutual fund has a benchmark against which they measure there performance, They they perform better than there benchmark its considered that they have done good , else bad. For Eg . A lot of mutual funds have Sensex as benchmark , some sectoral fund investing in Pharmaceutical may have BSE Heath care as its benchmark.
SIP (Systematic investment Plan) : This a investment method through which you can invest in mutual funds every month. Instead of paying 60,000 together , one can take an SIP of 5,000 for an year.
Stock Market
Stock Market : Its a market which facilitates the buying and selling the shares of companies by connecting buyers and sellers . It can be considered as a mediator between buyer and seller. So anyone who wants to buy or sell shares can do it from stock market.
Sensex and Nifty : These are indexes of BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) and NSE(National Stock Exchange). Sensex and Nifty, both are indicators of how prices of major stocks are moving at any point of time. Sensex comprises of 30 Shares and Nifty comprises of 50 shares. They are calculated by a method called "Free Flow Market Capitalization" . When sensex moves up it indicates that on an average more shares have increased there value and some have declined and vice-verse. It moves up or down depending on the combined valuations of the shares they comprise of.
Market Capitalization : This means how much worth all company shares collectively are. Simply putting: Market Capitalization = Total number of shares available X Current Price . Its the total money required to buy all the shares of the company available to public.
IPO (Initial Public Offer) : When a company offers shares to general public for the first time , its call IPO . The purpose of this is generally to raise funds to finance there future project and expanding there business.
Correction : It is a sharp increase or decrease in stock market which was overdue for long . When market goes more up or down then expected because of rumours or for some short term reason , then to average out that correction happens ...
Insurance
- Term Insurance : In this you are insured for a big amount for very less annual premium,But dont receive anything when your maturity expires. Its a very cheap form of insurance and considered as the best insurance anyone can get.
- Endowment and MoneyBack Plans : In this you get insurance and you get a big lumpsum after the tenure expires along with periodic payments in between. The premium is high per annum.
- ULIP's : These are insurance+investment product , from the premium you pay, some amount is used as your premium towards insurance and rest is invested as per your choice.
Tax
- Short Term and Long term Capital Gain and Loss : Incase of Shares and Mutual Funds , Any profit or loss made within 1 year. Tax treatment will be:
- Short term profits : 10% flat.
- Long term Profits : Nil
Incase of Land , House , Jewelry , Any profit or loss made within 3 years. Tax treatment will be:
- Short term profits : 20% Flat
- Long term Profits : 30% Flat
General
- Portfolio : Total investments combine are called Portfolio. So if Person ABC has invested Rs x in shares , Rs y in Insurance , Rs z in PPF and Rs k in Real Estate , it will combinely be his Portfolio.
- Trading Account : An account through which a person deal in instruments on stock market.
- Demat Account : An account where shares are stored in electronic format. Its just a account which stores shares.
- Commodities : Commodities are things like sugar , steel etc ... A person can trade in these things also just like shares and mutual funds. Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) is the commodity exchange in india just like BSE and NSE for shares.